Book 30

����� 1

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-         appreciate (v.)                =        be grateful  (����֡�Һ��� ��зѺ�)

-         band (n.)                       =        belt or strap  (����Ѵ ��������Ѵ)

-         boost (v.)                      =        increase or raise  (����)

-         boost (n.)                      =        increase or rise, an act that helps or brings encouragement  (�������)

-         cleaner (n.)                   =        place where clothing is cleaned  (��鹷��ѡ��ҧ)

-         compliment (v.)              =        praise or express approval  (����)

-         compliment (n.)             =        expression of praise or admiration  (����)

-         decorate (v.)                  =        make more pleasing by addition   (����)

-         don�t mention it             =        It�s all right.  (�������)

-         figure (n.)                      =        amount/number; form  (����Ţ)

-         fraction (n.)                   =        part of  (��ǹ���¢ͧ)

-         furnace (n.)                   =        device for giving heat  (�Ҽԧ)

-         hook (n.)                      =        catch for attaching  (�������)

-         invite over (n.)               =        ask to visit  (�ԭ����������)

-         just the same (e)            =        anyway  (���ҧ�á���)

-         keep and eye on (e)        =        watch carefully  (�����ҧ�����´)

-         kid  (n.)                        =        child  (��)

-         link (n.)                        =        connection  (��õԴ���  �����������)

-         mate (n.)                      =        companion; spouse  (���͹  �������)

-         microphone (n.)              =        device to convert sound to electricity  (����⿹)

-         praise (v.)                    =        express approval  (����)

-         remainder (n.)                =        balance  (��ǹ��������)

-         research (v.)                  =        investigation to get facts  (�Ԩ��)

-         souvenir (n.)                  =        something that serves as a reminder  (�ͧ������֡)

-         speak up (v.)                 =        speak louder  (�ٴ���§�ѧ���)

-         stick around (v.)              =        remain in/at a place  (���� � ����dz���)

-         stick by (v.)                   =        remain true/faithful  (��ԧ ��Ы����ѵ��)

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 1: ���Ѻ����� A �Ѻ��������� B

 

Column A

Column B

���. 1. invite over (v.)

���. 2. speak up (v.)

���. 3. compliment (v.)

���. 4. stick around (v.)

���. 5. stick by (v.)

���. 6. mate (n.)

���. 7. praise (v.)

���. 8. appreciate (v.)

���. 9. boost (v.)

��� 10. fraction (n.)

a. praise or express approval

b. remain true/faithful

c. express approval

d. ask to visit

e. be grateful for

f. part of

g. remain in/at a place

h. increase or rise

i. speak louder

j. companion; spouse

 

���

1. d.    2. i.     3. a.    4. g.    5. b.    6. j.     7. c.    8. e.    9. h.    10. f.

 

 

���ҡó�

����� Gerunds and Infinitives �繻�иҹ㹻���¤

Gerund ��͡������� ing ����˹�ҷ������͹�繤ӹ�� ��蹤������ö�����駻�иҹ ��С���㹻���¤�����¹���й��ʹ� Gerund ����˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤ ��

Subject

(��иҹ)

Complement

(��ǹ������)

Verb

(�ӡ����)

Complement

(��ǹ������)

Driving (Gerund)

too fast

is

dangerous.

 

Infinitive ��͡�����ٻ���������������¹�ٻ�����иҹ ���� Tense  ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ã¶ï¿½ï¿½Ë¹ï¿½Ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹»ï¿½Ð¸Ò¹ï¿½Í§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½Ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

Subject

(��иҹ)

Complement

(��ǹ������)

Verb

 (�ӡ����)

Complement

(��ǹ������)

To drive (Infinitive)

too fast

is

dangerous.

 

���ҧ�á��� 㹡óշ���繷ҧ��� ������� Infinitive ��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤ �����ç���ҧ�ѧ���

Anticipatory It

Verb

(�ӡ����)

Complement

    (��ǹ������)

Subject

        (��иҹ)

Complement

(��ǹ������)

It

Is

dangerous

to walk

in the rain.

 

�ҡ��иҹ�ͧ����¤�繤ӡ������� ing ���ͷ�����¡��� Gerund �������繻���¤�������繷ҧ���

Anticipatory It

Verb

(�ӡ����)

Complement

    (��ǹ������)

Subject

        (��иҹ)

Complement

(��ǹ������)

It

Is

dangerous

 walking

   in the rain.

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 2: ����¹����¤���仹������� Gerund ���� Infinitive ��˹�ҷ���иҹ㹻���¤

¡������ҧ��  It is fun to walk in the rain.

                 Walking in the rain is fun. (Gerund) ���� To walk in the rain is fun. (Infinitive)

1. Swimming in the canal is easy.

�����������������������������.

2. It was disappointing to quit the school at the very young age.

�����������������������������.

3. It is difficult to learn German.

�����������������������������.

4.  It is challenging to learn how to drive.

��������������������������...��..

5. It was wonderful to get a high score in English.

�����������������������������.

���

1.  To swim in the canal is easy.

2.  To quit the school at the very young age was disappointing./

     Quitting the school at the very young age was disappointing.

3.   Learning German is difficult./ To learn German is difficult.

4.   Learning how to drive is challenging./ To learn how to drive is challenging.

5.   Getting a high score in English is wonderful./ To get a high score in English is wonderful.

 

�ӴѺ����ҧ Adv. � ���˹觷��»���¤

          ������§�ӴѺ Adverb 㹻���¤ ���繵���ӴѺ�ѧ���

Adv. of Place (�͡ʶҹ���) + Adv. of Manner (�͡�ѡɳ��ҡ��) + Adv. of Time (�͡����)

 

 

 

Adv. of Place

(�͡ʶҹ���)

Adv. of Manner

(�͡�ѡɳ��ҡ��)

Adv. of Time

(�͡����)

She put it

You can�t stay

 She goes

on the shelf

there

to school

carefully

alone

very early

yesterday.

too long.

every day.

 

Adverbs of Manner ���� quickly, bravely, happily, hard, fast ��� well Adverb ��������� ��ǹ�˭��ŧ���´��� ly  ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ò§ï¿½Í§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Adverbial of Manner ���� by the police, with a pen, by hand, on the phone

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 3:  ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ç¡Ñ¹  �����§�ӴѺ Adverb 㹻���¤���١��ͧ

¡������ҧ��  The soldiers fought bravely.  They fought at the border of Thailand. 

                    They fought last night.

                   The soldiers fought at the border of Thailand bravely last night.

1. Tom went fishing yesterday.  Tom went fishing in the park. 

   Tom went fishing alone.

    ������������������������������.

2. Ben bought a new car last month.  He bought it downtown.

    He bought it very carefully.

    �����������.��..����������������.

3. Sandy will go to the party.  She will go to the party late. 

    She will go there tonight.

   ��������.����������������������..

4. Two thieves escaped from the jail.  They escaped wearily. 

    They escaped at midnight.

   �������������������������...�����.

5. Ron planned to visit the National Museum.  He planned to visit there by boat. 

   He planned to visit there during the summer.

  �����������...����������..���������

���

1. Tom went fishing in the park alone yesterday.

2. Ben bought a new car downtown very carefully last month.

3. Sandy will go to the party late tonight.

4. Two thieves escaped from the jail wearily at midnight.

5. Ron planned to visit the National Museum by boat during the summer.

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 4:  ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ò§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¹ï¿½ï¿½ ����ӷ���˹����

¡������ҧ�� In the middle of the night/ the baby/ loudly/in front of my house/cries

               In front of my house, the baby cries loudly in the middle of the night.

1. every day/ hard/ Nicole/ work

   �������������..�����������������

2. by the window/ deeply/ my sister/ sleep/ at this time

   ����������...�������������������.�.

3. on weekends/ wake up/my children/late  

������������������������������.....

4.  in front of the office/ angrily/ her boss/ shout at her/ two weeks ago

   ���������.�����..����������������.

5. in the library/ loudly/cry/ a little girl/yesterday

  �����������..�������������������

���

1. Nicole works hard every day.

2. My sister is sleeping by the window deeply at this time.

3. My children wake up late on weekends.

4. Her boss shouted at her in front of the office angrily two weeks ago.

5. A little girl cried in the library loudly yesterday.

 

That­-Noun Clause Sentences

Noun clause ����ö��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ㹻���¤�� ���Ҩ���ҧ���㹵͹�鹢ͧ����¤ ���� �ҧ����ҧ��ѧ��� Anticipatory it ����繻�иҹ��� � ���� ��

It is a surprise (Anticipatory it)

That you work very hard (Noun Clause)

that you could pass the exam. (Noun Clause)

will deserve you in the future.

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 5:  ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Õ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½  ����� Noun Clause ��˹�ҷ���иҹ㹻���¤  

¡������ҧ��   It is doubtful that he was elected.

                   That he was elected is doubtful.

1.  It is undeniable that Neil is a very decisive boss.

     ������������������������������...

2. It is impossible that Barbara joins the swimming club.

    ..������������������������������.

3. It is essential that you follow the instructions.

   ..������������������������������..

4.  It is well-known that AIDS cannot be cured.  

     �����������������������������..

5. It is regrettable that we didn�t see each other before.

   ..������������������������������

���

1.  That Neil is a very decisive boss is undeniable.

2. That Barbara joins the swimming club is impossible.

3. That you follow the instructions is essential.

4.  That AIDS cannot be cured is well-known.  

5.  That we didn�t see each other before is regrettable.

 

That-Noun Clauses as Complements

Noun clause  ����ö��˹�ҷ������ǹ������ �������ǹ����������¤����ó�����ѡ���ҡó� ��������˹�ҷ���繡��� ����§��ǹ���¤������Ѵਹ  ���ҧ�����ѧ V. be   㹡óչ�� �Ф� that ���㹻���¤          ���͵Ѵ��駡���

Noun Clause

V. be

That �������

Noun Clause

The reason

Was

(that)

I didn�t study hard enough.

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 6:  ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Õ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½  ����� Noun Clause ��˹�ҷ�� Complement 

¡������ҧ��  That he had committed suicide frightened me the most.

       The fact is that he had committed suicide frightened me the most.

1.  That Linda is bossy is my belief.

     ������������������������������...

2. That her score is too low is the main reason.

     ������������������������������..

3.  That you are always late is the fact.

     ������������������������������..

4.  That it is dangerous to do this job is my understanding.

     ������������������������������..

5.  That we work too carelessly is our mistake.      

     ������������������������������..

���

1.  My belief is that Linda is bossy.

2. The main reason is that her score is too low.

3.  The fact is that you are always late.

4.  My understanding is that it is dangerous to do this job.

5.  Our mistake is that we work too carelessly.      

 

Troublesome English

          �ӡ���Ҵѧ���仹�� �ж١������� Gerund (V.ing) ���� Infinitive

begin    cease    continue     hate     start     like      live    neglect    prefer   intend

 

��  Bree began to study the violin when she was only four years old.

     Bree began studying the violin when she was only four years old.

 

Idiom or Expression

Barking up the wrong tree ���¶֧��á������ ���ͺ蹼Դ�� �����դ����Դ������������ͧ����㹷ҧ���Դ �� Jane was barking up the wrong tree when she accused her friend of taking her money.           (�͹���ਹ�������������͹�ͧ�͢����Թ��繡���ɤ��Դ)