Book 30
����� 1
���Ѿ��
-
appreciate (v.) = be
grateful (����֡�Һ���
��зѺ�)
-
band (n.) = belt
or strap (����Ѵ
��������Ѵ)
-
boost (v.) = increase
or raise (����)
-
boost (n.) = increase
or rise, an act that helps or brings encouragement (�������)
-
cleaner (n.) = place
where clothing is cleaned
(��鹷��ѡ��ҧ)
-
compliment (v.) = praise
or express approval (����)
-
compliment (n.) = expression
of praise or admiration
(����)
-
decorate (v.) = make
more pleasing by addition (����)
-
don�t mention it = It�s
all right. (�������)
-
figure (n.) =
amount/number;
form (����Ţ)
-
fraction (n.) =
part
of (��ǹ���¢ͧ)
-
furnace (n.) = device
for giving heat (�Ҽԧ)
-
hook (n.)
= catch
for attaching (�������)
-
invite over (n.) = ask
to visit (�����������)
-
just the same (e) = anyway (���ҧ�á���)
-
keep and eye on (e) = watch
carefully (�����ҧ�����´)
-
kid (n.) = child (��)
-
link (n.) = connection (��õԴ��� �����������)
-
mate (n.) = companion;
spouse (���͹ �������)
-
microphone (n.) = device
to convert sound to electricity (����⿹)
-
praise (v.) =
express
approval (����)
-
remainder (n.) = balance (��ǹ��������)
-
research (v.) = investigation
to get facts (�Ԩ��)
-
souvenir (n.) = something
that serves as a reminder (�ͧ������֡)
-
speak up (v.)
= speak
louder (�ٴ���§�ѧ���)
-
stick around (v.) = remain
in/at a place (���� �
����dz���)
-
stick by (v.) = remain
true/faithful (��ԧ
��Ы����ѵ��)
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ���
1: ���Ѻ����� A �Ѻ��������� B
Column
A |
Column
B |
���. 1. invite
over (v.) ���. 2. speak up (v.) ���. 3. compliment (v.) ���. 4. stick around
(v.) ���. 5. stick by (v.) ���. 6. mate (n.) ���. 7. praise (v.) ���. 8. appreciate (v.) ���. 9. boost (v.) ��� 10. fraction (n.) |
a. praise or express
approval b. remain true/faithful c. express approval d. ask to visit e. be grateful for f. part of g. remain in/at a place h. increase or rise i. speak louder j. companion; spouse |
���
1. d. 2. i. 3. a. 4. g. 5. b. 6.
j. 7. c. 8. e. 9. h. 10.
f.
���ҡó�
����� Gerunds and Infinitives �繻�иҹ㹻���¤
Gerund ��͡������� ing ����˹�ҷ������͹�繤ӹ��
��蹤������ö�����駻�иҹ ��С���㹻���¤�����¹���й��ʹ� Gerund ����˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤ ��
Subject (��иҹ) |
Complement (��ǹ������) |
Verb (�ӡ����) |
Complement (��ǹ������) |
Driving (Gerund) |
too fast |
is |
dangerous. |
Infinitive ��͡�����ٻ���������������¹�ٻ�����иҹ
���� Tense ����ö��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤��ѧ���
Subject (��иҹ) |
Complement (��ǹ������) |
Verb (�ӡ����) |
Complement (��ǹ������) |
To drive
(Infinitive) |
too fast |
is |
dangerous. |
���ҧ�á��� 㹡óշ���繷ҧ���
������� Infinitive ��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤
�����ç���ҧ�ѧ���
Anticipatory It |
Verb (�ӡ����) |
Complement
(��ǹ������) |
Subject
(��иҹ) |
Complement (��ǹ������) |
It |
Is |
dangerous |
to walk |
in the rain. |
�ҡ��иҹ�ͧ����¤�繤ӡ������� ing
���ͷ�����¡��� Gerund �������繻���¤�������繷ҧ���
Anticipatory It |
Verb (�ӡ����) |
Complement
(��ǹ������) |
Subject
(��иҹ) |
Complement (��ǹ������) |
It |
Is |
dangerous |
walking |
in the rain. |
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 2: ����¹����¤���仹������� Gerund ���� Infinitive ��˹�ҷ���иҹ㹻���¤
¡������ҧ�� It
is fun to walk in the rain.
Walking
in the rain is fun. (Gerund) ����
To walk in the rain is fun. (Infinitive)
1. Swimming in the canal is easy.
�����������������������������.
2.
It was disappointing to quit the school at the very young age.
�����������������������������.
3. It is difficult to learn German.
�����������������������������.
4. It is challenging to
learn how to drive.
��������������������������...��..
5. It was wonderful to get a high score in English.
�����������������������������.
���
1. To swim in the canal
is easy.
2. To quit the school
at the very young age was disappointing./
Quitting the school at the very young age was disappointing.
3. Learning
German is difficult./ To learn German is difficult.
4. Learning how
to drive is challenging./ To learn how to drive is challenging.
5. Getting a high
score in English is wonderful./ To get a high score in English is wonderful.
�ӴѺ����ҧ Adv. �
���˹觷��»���¤
������§�ӴѺ
Adverb 㹻���¤ ���繵���ӴѺ�ѧ���
Adv. of Place (�͡ʶҹ���) + Adv. of Manner (�͡�ѡɳ��ҡ��)
+ Adv. of Time (�͡����) |
|
Adv. of Place (�͡ʶҹ���) |
Adv. of Manner (�͡�ѡɳ��ҡ��) |
Adv. of Time (�͡����) |
She put it You can�t stay She goes |
on the shelf there to school |
carefully alone very early |
yesterday. too long. every day. |
Adverbs of Manner ���� quickly, bravely,
happily, hard, fast ��� well Adverb ��������� ��ǹ�Ë��ŧ���´��� ly ������ҧ�ͧ��� Adverbial of Manner
���� by the police, with a pen, by hand, on the phone
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 3: ���������¤����ҹ������繻���¤���ǡѹ �����§�ӴѺ Adverb
㹻���¤���١��ͧ
¡������ҧ�� The
soldiers fought bravely. They
fought at the border of Thailand.
They fought last night.
The
soldiers fought at the border of Thailand bravely last night.
1. Tom went fishing yesterday.
Tom went fishing in the park.
Tom went fishing
alone.
������������������������������.
2. Ben bought a new car last month. He bought it downtown.
He bought
it very carefully.
�����������.��..����������������.
3. Sandy will go to the party.
She will go to the party late.
She will
go there tonight.
��������.����������������������..
4. Two thieves escaped from the jail. They escaped wearily.
They
escaped at midnight.
�������������������������...�����.
5.
Ron planned to visit the National Museum.
He planned to visit there by boat.
He planned to visit
there during the summer.
�����������...����������..���������
���
1. Tom went fishing in the park alone yesterday.
2. Ben bought a new car downtown very carefully last month.
3. Sandy will go to the party late tonight.
4. Two thieves escaped from the jail wearily at midnight.
5.
Ron planned to visit the National Museum by boat during the summer.
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 4: �����ҧ����¤���仹��
����ӷ���˹����
¡������ҧ�� In the middle of the night/ the baby/
loudly/in front of my house/cries
In front of my
house, the baby cries loudly in the middle of the night.
1.
every day/ hard/ Nicole/ work
�������������..�����������������
2.
by the window/ deeply/ my sister/ sleep/ at this time
����������...�������������������.�.
3.
on weekends/ wake up/my children/late
������������������������������.....
4. in front of the
office/ angrily/ her boss/ shout at her/ two weeks ago
���������.�����..����������������.
5.
in the library/ loudly/cry/ a little girl/yesterday
�����������..�������������������
���
1. Nicole works hard every day.
2. My sister is sleeping by the window deeply at this time.
3. My children wake up late on weekends.
4. Her boss shouted at her in front of the office angrily two weeks
ago.
5. A little girl cried in the library loudly yesterday.
That-Noun Clause Sentences
Noun clause ����ö��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ㹻���¤��
���Ҩ���ҧ���㹵͹�鹢ͧ����¤ ���� �ҧ����ҧ��ѧ��� Anticipatory it ����繻�иҹ��� � ���� ��
It is a surprise (Anticipatory it) That you work very hard (Noun Clause) |
that you could pass the exam. (Noun Clause) will deserve you in the future. |
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 5: ������¹����¤����ҹ������դ������¤���� ����� Noun Clause ��˹�ҷ���иҹ㹻���¤
¡������ҧ�� It
is doubtful that he was elected.
That
he was elected is doubtful.
1. It is undeniable
that Neil is a very decisive boss.
������������������������������...
2. It is impossible that Barbara joins the swimming club.
..������������������������������.
3. It is essential that you follow the instructions.
..������������������������������..
4. It is well-known
that AIDS cannot be cured.
�����������������������������..
5.
It is regrettable that we didn�t see each other before.
..������������������������������
���
1. That Neil is a very
decisive boss is undeniable.
2. That Barbara joins the swimming club is impossible.
3. That you follow the instructions is essential.
4. That AIDS cannot be
cured is well-known.
5. That we didn�t see each other before is
regrettable.
That-Noun Clauses as Complements
Noun clause ����ö��˹�ҷ������ǹ������
�������ǹ����������¤����ó�����ѡ���ҡó� ��������˹�ҷ���繡���
����§��ǹ���¤������Ѵਹ
���ҧ�����ѧ V. be
㹡óչ�� �Ф� that ���㹻���¤
���͵Ѵ��駡���
Noun Clause |
V. be |
That ������� |
Noun Clause |
The reason |
Was |
(that) |
I didn�t study hard enough. |
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 6: ������¹����¤����ҹ������դ������¤���� ����� Noun Clause ��˹�ҷ��
Complement
¡������ҧ�� That
he had committed suicide frightened me the most.
The
fact is that he had committed suicide frightened me the most.
1. That Linda is bossy is
my belief.
������������������������������...
2. That her score is too low is the main reason.
������������������������������..
3. That you are always
late is the fact.
������������������������������..
4. That it is dangerous
to do this job is my understanding.
������������������������������..
5. That we work too
carelessly is our mistake.
������������������������������..
���
1. My belief is that
Linda is bossy.
2. The main reason is that her score is too low.
3. The fact is that you
are always late.
4. My understanding is
that it is dangerous to do this job.
5. Our mistake is that
we work too carelessly.
Troublesome English
�ӡ���Ҵѧ���仹�� �ж١������� Gerund (V.ing) ����
Infinitive
begin
cease continue hate start like live neglect prefer intend |
�� Bree
began to study the violin when she was only four years old.
Bree
began studying the violin when she was only four years old.
Idiom or Expression
Barking up the wrong tree ���¶֧��á������
���ͺ蹼Դ�� �����դ����Դ������������ͧ����㹷ҧ���Դ �� Jane
was barking up the wrong tree when she accused her friend of taking her
money.
(�͹���ਹ�������������͹�ͧ�͢����Թ��繡���ɤ��Դ)